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SMP, which is short for soluble microbial products, have been considered to comprise the majority of soluble organic matter in effluent residual COD from biological wastewater treatment systems. Some investigations have shown that process parameters can affect SMP generation. However, these researches were neither comprehensive nor practical value to guide the operation of one single WWTP. So, Ji's research topic is mainly about using mathematical modelling of activated sludge systems technology to build a new model containing the mechanism of SMP formation and degradation to simulate SMP generation in biological treatment systems, then determining in which extension the effect exists and which process parameters affect SMP generation, and finally optimizing the process parameters to minimize the SMP generation in biological treatment systems.